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Diversidade e dinamica populacional de ácaros em pomar cítrico
Silva, Marcos Zatti da;Sato, Mário Eidi;Oliveira, Carlos Amadeu Leite de;
Bragantia , 2012, DOI: 10.1590/S0006-87052012005000013
Abstract: the citrus plants are hosts of several species of mites, which cause severe damage to production and quality of fruits in brazil. the objective of this research was to study the diversity of mites and population dynamics of the main mite species in a citrus orchard, citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck, in descalvado county, state of s？o paulo, brazil. fourteen evaluations were conducted over a period of 12 months, from february 2007 to february 2008. at each assessment, ten leaves and five fruits were collected from the inner part of each citrus canopy, from a total of 40 marked plants. thirty four mite species were found, which were distributed into 17 families. the most abundant species were: phyllocoptruta oleivora (ashmed) (eriophyidae), panonychus citri (mcgregor) (tetranychidae), brevipalpus phoenicis (geijskes) (tenuipalpidae) and fungitarsonemus sp. (tarsonemidae). among the predators, the phytoseiidae family presented the highest richness (eight species) and the highest abundance (1,072 individuals). euseius concordis (chant) was the predominant species, corresponding to 98.3% of the mites of this family. significant correlations were observed between the population densities of e. concordis and of the phytophagous mites p. citri, b. phoenicis and p. oleivora. significant correlations were also observed between population densities of these mites and meteorological factors such as temperature and precipitation. the results indicate that e. concordis acts as a natural enemy of p. citri, b. phoenicis and p. oleivora in the citrus orchard.
Sele？？es para resistência e suscetibilidade, detec？？o e monitoramento da resistência de Tetranychus urticae ao acaricida clorfenapir
Sato, Mário Eidi;Silva, Marcos Zatti da;Cangani, Katia Gigliola;Raga, Adalton;
Bragantia , 2007, DOI: 10.1590/S0006-87052007000100011
Abstract: problems associated with acaricide resistance in tetranychus urticae koch have been recorded in several countries including brazil. the objective of this study was to characterize the resistance of t. urticae to the acaricide chlorfenapyr and to evaluate the resistance frequency in commercial fields of six crops in the state of s？o paulo (sp). selections for resistance and susceptibility to chlorfenapyr were performed in a population of t. urticae collected in 2002 from a commercial chrysanthemum field in holambra county, sp. after six selections for resistance and five selections for susceptibility, susceptible (s) and resistant (r) strains of t. urticae to chlorfenapyr were obtained. the resistance ratio (r/s) at the lc50 reached values of 571-fold. a discriminating concentration of 37.4 mg l-1 of active ingredient (a.i.) was established for monitoring chorfenapyr resistance in t. urticae. twenty one mite populations were collected from different crops (papaya, strawberry, bean, tomato, chrysanthemum, rose), in various counties in the state of s？o paulo. bean-leaf-disc arenas were infested with t. urticae mites and submitted to chlorfenapyr spraying at the discriminating concentration, using a potter tower. the results showed significant differences among populations in their responses to chlorfenapyr. populations with frequencies of resistance from 0,0 to 65.4% were detected. the highest frequencies of resistance were observed in populations obtained from chrysanthemum in holambra.
Seletividade de produtos fitossanitários sobre o ácaro predador Agistemus brasiliensis Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira (Acari: Stigmaeidae)
Silva, Marcos Zatti da;Oliveira, Carlos Amadeu Leite de;Sato, Mário Eidi;
Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura , 2009, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-29452009000200012
Abstract: the predaceous mites of the families phytoseiidae and stigmaeidae are the most important natural enemies of brevipalpus phoenicis (geijskes) on citrus. this mite causes serious damages to the yield due to the transmission of citrus leprosis virus (cilv). despite the considerable amount of information on susceptibility of phytoseiids to pesticides, the effect of these compounds is not very known for stigmaeid mites in brazil. this work was carried out to evaluate the effect of the main pesticides used in citrus orchards on the predaceous mite agistemus brasiliensis matioli, ueckermann & oliveira (acari: stigmaeidae) in laboratory conditions. citrus leaf ("pera" cultivar) arenas with 25 adult females of a. brasiliensis were sprayed in a potter tower. the mortality of mites was assessed 72 hours after treatment. the effect of pesticides on the reproduction of mite and egg viability was also evaluated. according to the proposal of the working group of "international organization for biological control" (iobc), the pesticides were classified as: class 1 - harmless (e<30%), acrinathrin, bifenthrin, carbosulfan, deltamethrin; 2 - slightly harmful (30%99%), lime sulfur, cyhexatin, flufenoxuron, hexythiazox, fenbutatin oxide, propargite, pyridaben and spirodiclofen. studies in the field conditions are still necessary for a better understanding of the effect of these chemicals on the predaceous mite.
Toxicidade diferencial de agrotóxicos utilizados em citros para Neoseiulus californicus, Euseius concordis e Brevipalpus phoenicis
Silva, Marcos Zatti da;Sato, Mário Eidi;Oliveira, Carlos Amadeu Leite de;Rais, Débora Soller;
Bragantia , 2011, DOI: 10.1590/S0006-87052011000100014
Abstract: brevipalpus phoenicis (geijskes) is considered one of the most important pests on citrus in brazil, due to the transmission of citrus leprosis virus and the necessity of frequent acaricide applications for its control. this study was carried out to compare the toxicity of the main pesticides used on citrus in brazil to the populations of b. phoenicis and the predaceous mites neoseiuluscalifornicus (mcgregor), euseius concordis (chant). two populations of e. concordis were evaluated: one from jaboticabal county and other from descalvado county, state of s？o paulo. arenas of leaves (for phytoseiids) and fruits (for b. phoenicis) of citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck cv. pera with 25 adult females of each species were sprayed under potter spray tower. the mortality was assessed 72 hours after treatment. four to six concentrations of each chemical (abamectin, acephate, azocyclotin, bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, dicofol, dinocap, fenbutatin oxide, propargite and pyridaben) were used to obtain the concentration-mortality curves. abamectin, azocyclotin, chlorfenapyr, dicofol, dinocap, fenbutatin oxide, propargite and pyridaben were highly toxic to b. phoenicis, presenting lc90 values equal or lower than the recommended concentrations of the chemicals. n. californicus was more tolerant to bifenthin, propargite, fenbutatin oxide and dinocap than b. phoenicis and e. concordis (both populations). these pesticides presented low toxicity to the adults of n. californicus, for which the lc50 of chemicals were at least six times higher than their recommended concentrations. acephate was extremely toxic to e. concordis from descalvado and jaboticabal, but innocuous to adults of n. californicus. the population of e. concordis from jaboticabal was more resistant to azocyclotin, bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr, dicofol and propargite than that from descalvado.
Toxicidade residual de alguns agrotóxicos recomendado na agricultura sobre Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Silva, Marcos Zatti da;Oliveira, Caralos Amadeu Leite de;
Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura , 2007, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-29452007000100019
Abstract: this study was carried out to evaluate the residual toxicity of some pesticides used in citrus orchards, on neoseiulus californicus (mcgregor) under laboratory conditions. the residual contact bioassay method was adopted. citrus leaves of the variety "pêra" were sprayed in a potter tower. the products' residual toxicity was evaluated at two hours and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days after treatment. ten adult females of n. californicus were transferred to each arena together with an enough amount of tetranychus urticae to feed the predator. mortality evaluations were performed at 72 hours after transferring the predaceous mites to the arenas. the pesticides acrinathrin, deltamethrin, dinocap, sulphur, fenpropathrin, fenbutatin oxide and propargite did not cause significant mortalities to the adults of n. californicus. abamectim, azocyclotin and cyhexatin caused mortalities of 29.8, 24.0 and 34.1%, respectively, for n. californicus adults exposed to two-hour pesticide residues. dicofol, pyridaben and chlorfenapyr caused 100% of mortality to the predators exposed to the two-hour acaricide residues. abamectin provoked significant mortalities for a period shorter than one day. residues of azocyclotin, cyhexatin, dicofol, pyridaben and chlorfenapyr caused significant mortalities for periods of 1, 1, 10, 10 and 21 days, respectively. the results of this study provided basic information for choosing the adequate pesticides to be used in citrus orchards in which n. californicus is present, or in those the predator will be released. the results are also useful for the decision of the best releasing time for n. californicus in the field, after pesticide applications. studies carried out in the field are still necessary to understand better the effect of these pesticides under the predaceous mite.
Seletividade de alguns agrotóxicos em uso na citricultura ao ácaro predador Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Silva, Marcos Zatti da;Oliveira, Carlos Amadeu Leite de;
Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura , 2006, DOI: 10.1590/S0100-29452006000200011
Abstract: this work was carried out to determine the residual toxicity of the main pesticides used in citrus, on neoseiulus californicus (mcgregor) under laboratory conditions. for this, it was used the residual contact bioassay. citrus leaves of the variety "pêra" were sprayed in a potter tower. the residual action was evaluated at 2 hours and 1; 3; 5; 7; 10; 14 e 21 days after treatment. ten adult females of n. californicus were transferred to each ring, together with an enough amount of tetranychus urticae nymphs and adults to feed the predator. mortality evaluations were performed at 72 hours after treatment. bioassays indicate that the pesticides: acrinathrin, deltamethrin, dinocap, sulphur, fenpropathrin, fenbutatin oxide and propargite were innocuous to n. californicus. on the other hand, abamectin, azocyclotin e cyhexatin caused mortalities of 29.8; 32.0 e 34.1%, respectively, two hours after transference. dicofol, pyridaben and chlorfenapyr were extremely toxic to the predator mite, causing 100% of mortality two hours after the application. this way, to this population of n. californicus, the releases can be performed safely 3 days after the application, except for cyhexatin (5 days), dicofol and pyridaben (14 days) and chlorfenapyr (21 days), without risk of significant adult mortality rates due to the application of pesticides.
Abamectin resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae): selection, cross-resistance and stability of resistance
Sato, Mário E.;Silva, Marcos Z. da;Raga, Adalton;Souza Filho, Miguel F. de;
Neotropical Entomology , 2005, DOI: 10.1590/S1519-566X2005000600016
Abstract: studies on artificial laboratory selections with abamectin, cross-resistance relationships, and stability of resistance were carried out with tetranychus urticae koch to provide basic information for an abamectin resistance management program. selections for resistance and susceptibility to abamectin were performed in a population of t. urticae, collected from a commercial strawberry field in the state of s？o paulo, brazil. after five selections for resistance and five selections for susceptibility, susceptible (s) and resistant (r) strains of t. urticae to abamectin were obtained. the resistance ratio (r/s) at the lc50 reached 342-fold values. the toxicity of eight acaricides was evaluated in the r and s strains, observing significant differences (at lc50) between r and s strains for milbemectin, fenpropathrin and chlorfenapyr. significant correlation was detected between the lc50s of abamectin and milbemectin, indicating cross-resistance between these acaricides. no cross-resistance was detected for the acaricides fenpyroximate, cyhexatin, propargite and dimethoate. the stability of abamectin resistance was also studied under laboratory conditions. abamectin resistance was unstable in the absence of selection pressure. for all studied populations (with 75, 50 and 25% of initial frequency of resistant mites), the percentage of resistant mites decreased to levels equal or lower than 15% in six months. the results indicate that milbemectin should be avoided for managing abamectin resistance in t. urticae.
Toxicidade Diferencial de Agroquímicos a Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) e Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) em Morangueiro
SATO, MáRIO E.;SILVA, MARCOS DA;GON？ALVES, LEANDRA R.;SOUZA FILHO, MIGUEL F. DE;RAGA, ADALTON;
Neotropical Entomology , 2002, DOI: 10.1590/S1519-566X2002000300016
Abstract: this work aimed to evaluate the differential toxicity of pesticides to populations of the mite species neoseiulus californicus (mcgregor) and tetranychus urticae koch collected from commercial crops of strawberry (fragaria sp.) in atibaia county, state of s？o paulo, brazil. in the test of acute toxicity of pesticides, adult females of n. californicus received the pesticide treatment under potter spray tower. the predaceous mite n. californicus showed the same or higher tolerance than t. urticae to various pesticides in laboratory. the highest difference was observed to the acaricide propargite, for which the predaceous mite was 25.1 times more tolerant than the two-spotted spider mite. this phytoseiid was also 4.7, 2.9 and 2.5 times more tolerant than t. urticae to chlorfenapyr, fenpyroximate, and cyhexatin, respectively. in the test of residual toxicity of pesticides, the chemicals were sprayed on plants of strawberry in the field. leaves were collected after different periods from the treatment and artificially infested with adult females of n. californicus. the mortality was assessed 48h or 72h after treatment. fenpyroximate, fenpropathrin, dimethoate, propargite, sulphur, and benomyl were innocuous to n. californicus. chlorfenapyr, cyhexatin, and abamectin were significantly harmful to the predaceous mite causing initial mortality rates between 37.5% and 57.5%. the use of predaceous mites like of this population of n. californicus, which presents low susceptibility to various pesticides can be very useful for programs of management of t. urticae on strawberry in brazil.
Le problème des limites à la procréation assistée dans les lois des principaux pays européens The issue of the limits to medical assistance to procreation in the main European countries’legislation
Paolo Zatti
Droit et Cultures , 2009,
Abstract: A travers l’étude des limites à la procréation assistée dans les législations des principaux pays européens, l’article soulève différentes questions. Tout d’abord celle de savoir si la procréation assistée doit être un choix des individus ou si elle doit être réservée à des fins thérapeutiques. Ensuite celle de savoir si la femme seule peut accéder à la procréation assistée. Enfin la question de l’autorisation ou de l’interdiction de la fécondation post mortem, de la maternité de substitution et de la fécondation hétérologue. Ces questions doivent être abordées en tenant compte de la liberté de gérer son corps, de l’intérêt de l’enfant à na tre et des limites de la compétence de l’Etat. This study of assisted reproduction limits in legislation of the main European countries raises various issues. The first one is to know whether assisted reproduction should be an individual choice or be reserved for therapeutic purpose. Then, there is the question whether a single woman can access to assisted reproduction. Finally the issue of allowance or prohibition of post mortem fertilization, of biological pregnancy and of hétérological fertilization. These issues must be analysed taking into account the freedom to control one’s body, the protection of the unborn child and the limits of State power.
Prevalência de metástases oculares em pacientes com doen？a metastática reconhecida: resultados preliminares
Corrêa, Zélia Maria da Silva;Burmann, Tiana Gabriela;Freitas, André Moraes;Ramos, Gabriel Zatti;Marcon, ítalo Mundialino;
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia , 2005, DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27492005000200007
Abstract: purpose: to evaluate, in a prospective fashion, the prevalence of intraocular metastasis: most frequent primary tumors and ocular tissue most frequently compromised by metastasis. methods: in-patients with malignant neoplasm and metastatic disease from a tertiary oncology hospital (hsr) were consecutively evaluated between january 2001 and july 2002. all patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, including indirect ophthalmoscopy under pharmacological mydriasis using a 28 diopter-lens and, in cases suspicious of neoplasia, ultrasonography and fluorescein angiography were performed. those cases of diagnostic uncertainty were submited to fine needle aspiration biopsy. the diagnosis of metastatic ocular tumor was established based on the clinical features and the results of the mentioned ancillary studies. results: the 100 studied patients presented ages between 17 and 87 years, 71 being females and 29 males. there was a predominance of caucasian individuals (n=88) in this group. twenty-one patients presented ocular lesions suggestive of metastasis. the primary malignancy originating ocular metastasis most frequently was breast cancer (28.6%). evaluating the tumor type separately, lung cancer presented a highest prevalence of metastasis to the eye (71.5%). the choroid was involved in 57% of the cases and the main ocular complaint of these patients was blurring or decrease in vision. there was no difference in the frequency of involvement between the right and the left eye. conclusion: the prevalence of ocular metastasis in patients with malignancy and metastatic disease seemed significant in the studied group. the neoplasms more frequently causing ocular metastasis were: breast and lung carcinoma, and the choroid was involved more frequently.
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